Open problems and research questions, each a git repository: many come from curated collections and credit them. Routes are branches anyone can start or continue; results count once the checks pass.
Predict crop traits such as yield from genotype across environments well enough to design ideal varieties before they are planted.
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Find out why floods and droughts cluster into rich decades, whether these periods are changing, and what drives them.
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Measure how many species are committed to delayed extinction by past habitat loss and fragmentation, and how long until they are lost.
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Explain how warming and water use change ephemeral rivers and the groundwater they recharge in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Find the most cost-effective practices for raising crop yields and water productivity in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Test whether priming crop defences can give broad, durable protection in farmers’ fields at little cost to yield, and cut pesticide use.
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Determine whether cell-cultured meat can cut the climate impact of meat, and which energy and growth-medium choices decide the outcome.
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Explain why hybrid crops outperform their parents, and use that understanding to breed better hybrids or fix hybrid vigour in seed.
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Cut the electricity use and cost of plant factories and vertical farms through better lighting, climate control, crops and renewable energy.
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Learn how plants respond when heat, drought, salinity, pollutants and pathogens strike together, and breed crops that tolerate the combinations.
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Predict how glacier loss and permafrost thaw will change the amount and timing of runoff and groundwater in cold regions.
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